Short-term survival of severe propeller strike injuries and observations on wound progression in a bottlenose dolphin     

SL Dwyer  L Kozmian-Ledward  KA Stockin 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):294-302

Until recently, vessel collisions with small cetaceans were presumed rare, mainly as a consequence of limited reporting. Observations on dolphin wound healing from propeller strike injuries also remain scarce. We present an extreme case of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with multiple propeller wounds, including a penetration to the bone, where survival was possible for at least 23 days post injury. We used photographic records in conjunction with field observations to describe wound progression in the absence of treatment. Considering the severity of the wounds, it was surprising that the injuries were not immediately fatal. A practical solution remains to be found for the problem of odontocete vessel collisions, in particular for small highly mobile species using neritic waters. In view of the ongoing problem in the Hauraki Gulf and, indeed, worldwide, we recommend continued evaluation of cases and reporting of incidents, in addition to investigations into mechanisms that may reduce the risk of occurrence of vessel collisions with cetaceans.  相似文献   

DISCUSSION ON ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH SETBACK DISTANCE FROM ACTIVE FAULT          下载免费PDF全文

XU Xi-wei  GUO Ting-ting  LIU Shao-zhuo  YU Gui-hua  CHEN Gui-hua  WU Xi-yan 《地震地质》2016,38(3):477-502

Living with disaster is an objective reality that human must face especially in China. A large number of earthquake case studies, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, 2010 Yushu earthquake, 2014 Ludian earthquake, have demonstrated that earthquake heavy damage and casualties stem from ground-faulting or rupturing along seismogenic active fault, near-fault high ground accelerations and building catastrophic structural failure. Accordingly, avoidance of active faults may be an important measure to effectively reduce earthquake hazard, which may encounter in the future, but how to avoid an active fault and how much a setback distance from the active fault is required to ensure that the ground faulting and rupturing has no any direct impact on buildings. This has been the focus of debate both for domestic and foreign scholars. This paper, first of all, introduces the definition of active fault. Then, quantitative analyses are done of the high localization of earthquake surface ruptures and relationship between the localized feature of the coseismic surface ruptures and building damages associated with the measured widths of the historical earthquake surface rupture zones, and an average sstatistic width is obtained to be 30m both for the earthquake surface rupture zones and heavy damage zones along the seismogenic fault. Besides, the widths of the surface rupture zones and spatial distribution of the building damages of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and 2008 Wenchuan earthquake have also been analyzed to reveal a hanging-wall effect:Width of surface rupture zone or building damage zone on the hanging-wall is 2 or 3 times wider than that on its foot-wall for a dip-slip fault. Based on these latest knowledge learnt above, issues on avoidance object, minimum setback distance, location requirement of active fault for avoidance, and anti-faulting design for buildings in the surface rupture zone are further discussed. Finally, we call for national and local legislatures to accelerate the legislation for active fault survey and avoidance to normalize fault hazard zoning for general land-use planning and building construction. This preventive measure is significantly important to improve our capability of earthquake disaster reduction.  相似文献   

Characterization of fish hold effluent discharged from commercial fishing vessels into harbor waters     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,88(1-2):29-38

Fish hold effluent and the effluent produced from the cleaning of fish holds may contain organic material resulting from the degradation of seafood and cleaning products (e.g., soaps and detergents). This effluent is often discharged by vessels into near shore waters and, therefore, could have the potential to contribute to water pollution in bays and estuaries. We characterized effluent from commercial fishing vessels with holds containing refrigerated seawater, ice slurry, or chipped ice. Concentrations of trace heavy metals, wet chemistry parameters, and nutrients in effluent were compared to screening benchmarks to determine if there is a reasonable potential for effluent discharge to contribute to nonattainment of water quality standards. Most analytes (67%) exceeded their benchmark concentration and, therefore, may have the potential to pose risk to human health or the environment if discharges are in significant quantities or there are many vessels discharging in the same areas.  相似文献   

双源CT低管电压冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断     

陈宏才  ;鲁锦国  ;彭万宏  ;席仁刚 《CT理论与应用研究》2014,(3):371-377

目的：与常规冠状动脉造影（CAG）作对照,探讨低管电压CT冠状动脉成像（CTCA）诊断冠状动脉狭窄的价值。方法：52例疑似冠状动脉疾病的患者行双源CTCA及CAG检查,将CTCA与CAG诊断结果进行对照。评价两种检查方法对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的一致性,并评估双源CTCA诊断冠状动脉明显狭窄（≥50%）的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断准确性。结果：CTCA与CAG诊断冠状动脉狭窄的一致性好（kappa值=0.839）。以冠状动脉分支为单位时,CTCA诊断冠状动脉明显狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及诊断准确性分别为97.2%、95.2%、89.1%、97.6%和96.2%;以冠状动脉节段为单位时,相应的值分别为98.1%、96.3%、92.7%、99.0%和96.8%。结论：低管电压双源CTCA诊断冠状动脉狭窄临床价值高,值得应用推广。  相似文献   

多层螺旋CT作肾动脉造影在高血压筛查中的临床应用价值   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马焱鑫  高丽媛  杨月娥  刘影  毕纯龙 《CT理论与应用研究》2005,14(2):50-53

目的:评价多层螺旋CT(multislice computed tomography MSCT)血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)在肾血管性高血压筛查中的临床应用价值.方法:对157例临床怀疑肾动脉狭窄患者行多层螺旋CT肾动脉CTA检查,将获得的轴位扫描图像经过适当处理后,行3D后处理,包括SSD、MIP、VR,MPVR.结果:157例患者均获得了较满意的肾动脉CTA图像,清晰地显示肾动脉主干及其分支.结论:MSCT肾动脉CTA检查作为一种安全、经济的检查方法,在对肾血管性高血压的筛查中完全可以替代DSA,常规作为怀疑肾动脉狭窄之患者的筛选检查的首选方法.  相似文献   

On the affinity of Chuaria–Tawuia complex: A multidisciplinary study     

Mukund Sharma  Sanjay Mishra  Suryendu Dutta  Santanu Banerjee  Yogmaya Shukla   《Precambrian Research》2009,173(1-4):123

In this study, biometric and structural engineering tool have been used to examine a possible relationship within Chuaria–Tawuia complex and micro-FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analyses to understand the biological affinity of Chuaria circularis Walcott, collected from the Mesoproterozoic Suket Shales of the Vindhyan Supergroup and the Neoproterozoic Halkal Shales of the Bhima Group of peninsular India. Biometric analyses of well preserved carbonized specimens show wide variation in morphology and uni-modal distribution. We believe and demonstrate to a reasonable extent that C. circularis most likely was a part of Tawuia-like cylindrical body of algal origin. Specimens with notch/cleft and overlapping preservation, mostly recorded in the size range of 3–5 mm, are of special interest. Five different models proposed earlier on the life cycle of C. circularis are discussed. A new model, termed as ‘Hybrid model’ based on present multidisciplinary study assessing cylindrical and spherical shapes suggesting variable cell wall strength and algal affinity is proposed. This model discusses and demonstrates varied geometrical morphologies assumed by Chuaria and Tawuia, and also shows the inter-relationship of Chuaria–Tawuia complex.Structural engineering tool (thin walled pressure vessel theory) was applied to investigate the implications of possible geometrical shapes (sphere and cylinder), membrane (cell wall) stresses and ambient pressure environment on morphologically similar C. circularis and Tawuia. The results suggest that membrane stresses developed on the structures similar to Chuaria–Tawuia complex were directly proportional to radius and inversely proportional to the thickness in both cases. In case of hollow cylindrical structure, the membrane stresses in circumferential direction (hoop stress) are twice of the longitudinal direction indicating that rupture or fragmentation in the body of Tawuia would have occurred due to hoop stress. It appears that notches and discontinuities seen in some of the specimens of Chuaria may be related to rupture suggesting their possible location in 3D Chuaria.The micro-FTIR spectra of C. circularis are characterized by both aliphatic and aromatic absorption bands. The aliphaticity is indicated by prominent alkyl group bands between 2800–3000 and 1300–1500 cm⁻¹. The prominent absorption signals at 700–900 cm⁻¹ (peaking at 875 and 860 cm⁻¹) are due to aromatic CH out of plane deformation. A narrow, strong band is centred at 1540 cm⁻¹ which could be COOH band. The presence of strong aliphatic bands in FTIR spectra suggests that the biogeopolymer of C. circularis is of aliphatic nature. The wall chemistry indicates the presence of ‘algaenan’—a biopolymer of algae.  相似文献   

肺部孤立性小结节病变的CT表现及鉴别诊断     

苏冬  张巨武  陈孝柏  温廷国 《CT理论与应用研究》2004,13(1):25-28

目的讨论肺部小结节的良恶性病变的影像表现及鉴别诊断. 材料与方法搜集经手术证实的肺部小结节病变共17例(直径〈3.0cm〉,男性11例,女性6例,年龄38-83岁,平均63.2岁.采用PQ5000螺旋CT机进行螺旋扫描,7例进行增强扫描,其中5例进行三维重建结果 17例病变中恶性病例12例,良性病例5例,恶性病变中腺癌8例,鳞癌2例,转移癌2例,良性病变中结核3例,炎性结节2例CT征象包括分叶征14例,胸膜凹陷征7例,血管集束征8例,毛刺征14例,密度不均匀者13例.结论 CT扫描对于鉴别肺部良恶性小结节病灶有重要价值.  相似文献   

Factors contributing to effective management in the Sakuraebi (Sergia lucens) fishery of Donggang,Taiwan     

《Marine Policy》2017

An in-depth assessment was conducted on the functioning of a Taiwanese Sakuraebi (Sergia lucens) fishery management institution to understand the role of leadership in the context of long-term incentive creation. Interviews with relevant stakeholders and statistical analysis of fisheries data indicated that the daily vessel quota system and fishers’ collective efforts to influence the market resulted in increased sales value, while simultaneously allowing for the equitable distribution of benefits from the Sakuraebi fishery in Donggang, Taiwan. Local fishers expressed a high level of satisfaction with the corresponding activities initiated by the fisher's organization. Interview respondents felt that promotional marketing activities led by the organization to enhance domestic consumption were particularly effective, and statistical analysis suggests that these activities helped to reduce the dependency of Taiwanese Sakuraebi fishers on export markets. A notable characteristic of this fishery is that it combines a large-scale sales organization, which enables the exertion of market influence, with a small-sized subsidiary organization for fisheries management. An annually rotating leadership system for managing fishery operations also provides members with the opportunity to share a sense of participation and responsibility, while keeping long-term policy goals. This study reinforces previous findings that leadership, social cohesion, and the nature of the resource are key factors determining the effectiveness and success of fisheries management.  相似文献   

Practical engineering approaches and infrastructure to address the problem of marine debris in Korea     

Rho-Taek Jung Author Vitae  Hong Gun Sung  Sang-In Keel 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(9):1523-1532

As a solution to the problem of persistent solid marine debris, a nationwide project began in Korea in 1999 to develop and popularize fundamental changes to the infrastructure. The ten year project, called “A Practical Integrated System for Marine Debris,” consists of four linked types of technology: prevention, deep-water survey, removal and treatment (recycling). These reflect the characteristics of marine debris, which though widespread, vary by location and time of generation. Each technical component has each representative outcome that has been outreached the local governments and marine debris-related associations. The in situ infrastructures lead to enhance the retrieval of the marine debris and create direct and indirect benefits to industry. Both end-of-pipe technology improvement and the introduction of front-of-pipe technology should be considered as we strive to reduce the generation of marine debris in Korean coastal areas.  相似文献   

Performance of a damage‐protected beam–column subassembly utilizing external HF2V energy dissipation devices     

Geoffrey W. Rodgers  Kevin M. Solberg  J. Geoffrey Chase  John B. Mander  Brendon A. Bradley  Rajesh P. Dhakal  Luoman Li 《地震工程与结构动力学》2008,37(13):1549-1564

Ductile‐jointed connections, which generally require some form of supplementary energy dissipation to alleviate displacement response, typically employ mild steel energy dissipation devices. These devices run the risk of low‐cycle fatigue, are effective only for peak cycles that exceed prior displacements, are prone to buckling, and may require replacement following an earthquake. This study presents an experimental investigation employing an alternative to mild steel: a high force‐to‐volume (HF2V) class of damper‐based energy dissipation devices. Tests are performed on a near full‐scale beam–column joint subassembly utilizing externally mounted compact HF2V devices. Two configurations are considered: an exterior joint with two seismic beams and one gravity beam framing into a central column, and a corner joint with only one seismic beam and one gravity beam framing into a column. Quasi‐static tests are performed to column drifts up to 4%. The experiments validate the efficacy of the HF2V device concept, demonstrating good hysteretic energy dissipation, and minimal residual device force, allowing ready re‐centring of the joint. The devices dissipate energy consistently on every cycle without the deterioration observed in the yielding steel bar type of devices. The effectiveness of the HF2V devices on structural hysteretic behavior is noted to be sensitive to the relative stiffness of the anchoring elements, indicating that better efficiency would be obtained in an embedded design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献